Longshan directly continued Yangshao culture along Yellow River 2500-1850 BCE. Named after Shandong site discovered 1930-1931. Settlements surrounded by earth ramparts. Excelled in wheel-made polished black pottery 2-4mm thick. Produced tripods, stemmed cups, handled mortars with line and zigzag decorations. Made tools from stone, flint, jade, bone, shells. Used early copper. Cultivated multiple grains and vegetables. Fermented rice. Bred horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, dogs, chickens.