Applicants pass driving tests at accredited private schools instead of RTOs. Private school certificates allow direct licence application without RTO retest. Uncertified applicants must still test at RTO. Driving without licence incurs up to ₹2,000 penalty. Minors driving face ₹25,000 fine, parental action, and vehicle registration cancellation. Government phases out 9,000 old vehicles and raises emission standards. Fewer documents needed for new licences, varying by two-wheeler or four-wheeler. No physical checkups required at RTOs. Private schools need minimum one acre land, two for four-wheelers. Schools must provide testing facilities. Trainers require high school diploma, five years driving experience, biometrics and IT knowledge. Light vehicle training totals 29 hours over four weeks, 21 practical and eight theory. Medium and heavy vehicle training totals 38 hours over six weeks. Schools pay ₹5,000 fee for issuing licences without training or duplicates. Applications start online at sarathi.parivahan.gov.in with learning licence number and birth date.