Nuclear Power Project Implementation: Poland is facing or already in the midst of an energy crisis and still does not have a nuclear power plant, despite years of planning . The government's current project is to build the first nuclear power plant in Lubiatowo on the Baltic coast, using Westinghouse AP1000 technology, with contracts signed with US companies (Westinghouse and Bechtel) . The commissioning of the first unit is possible in 2033-2034, but this requires the determination of politicians and the consistent conduct of the project by successive governments . It is necessary to urgently strengthen the company Polskie Elektrownie Jądrowe (PEJ) and quickly negotiate a construction contract (by the end of the year) . Nuclear power is essential for energy security, as it provides stable, round-the-clock (24/7), year-round electricity, independent of weather fluctuations, and is cheap in the long run (the plant runs for 60 years) . Rejection of Korean Offer: The Korean bid to build the power plant was rejected in 2017/2018 because they were in a dispute with Westinghous over ownership of the technology, which threatened uncontrollable delays . The decision not to accept the Korean offer was correct, and the withdrawal of the Koreans from the European market (except for the Czech Republic) is probably the result of agreements with the Americans . PGE's project with the Koreans was not part of the government's nuclear power plant program . The Problem of Excessive RES and System Instability: Power systems in Europe, including Poland, are on the brink of disaster because of the imbalance between unstable renewable energy sources (RES) - wind and photovoltaics - and stable power plants . Poland has about 74-75 GW of installed capacity, almost half of which comes from RES (wind and photovoltaics) . The number of windmills in Poland is so large that building more is absurd . The real reason for stopping new construction is the need to maintain balance in the electricity system, not just a matter of locating windmills under houses . The excess of RES causes the operator (PSE) to have to disconnect these sources, which generates huge costs that are paid by consumers, making energy from RES the most expensive . A very serious economic lobby was formed around the installation of RES, which assumed an "infinite" source of earnings . The climate strategy in Europe is now an "orphan" and the European economy is losing global competitiveness . Steps Necessary for Energy Security: It is necessary to carry out an up-to-date balance sheet of installed capacity in thermal power plants (coal and gas) and a forward-looking prediction of energy demand over the next 10 years . Poland needs to maintain energy self-sufficiency, because if there is a deficit in the region (e.g., if the wind does not blow in Poland and Brandenburg) there will be no place from where to import electricity, which threatens disaster . To address the crisis, sufficient stable power plants, including gas-fired power plants (estimated 6-8 GW), must be built quickly, as their construction is rapid . As for coal, it is necessary to calculate how long coal-fired power plants can technologically operate and how much coal they will need . This amount of coal should be mined in Poland . Mining should be continued rationally in Silesia and developed in the Lublin Basin (Bogdanka), where geological conditions are better . Other Sources (Shale Gas and SMRs): Shale gas exists in Poland, but the deposits are deeper than in the US, which required more expensive and refined technologies. U.S. companies pulled out after the 2008 crisis and due to more difficult geological conditions . Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are probably the future, but there is currently no economically built SMR in the world yet; optimistically, their wider use can be expected in the second half of the 2030s . Key Importance of Energy: Energy is crucial to national security, because without it there will be no industry, including the possibility of rebuilding the defense industry .
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