The most interesting question is what/who did people with haplogroups A and B interbreed with when they arrived in Africa: "only the A0 lines represent the "truly African" indigenous people (with their respective female lines), and the interbreeding of the immigrant lines of haplogroups A and B (as well as some lines of haplogroups E, R1b, etc.), again with their respective female lines, created the highly diverse current African population." Our consideration of haplogroups A through T and analysis of the dynamics of Y chromosome nucleotide flow from primates to humans during the evolution of the genus Homo revealed that the common ancestor of most modern males, both Africans and non-Africans, lived 160,000 ± 12,000 years ago. This common ancestor has been identified as belonging to the α-haplogroup, which is equivalent to or close to the A1/A1b haplogroups in the current phylogeny. The archaic lineages (now labeled A0) are derived from an ancestor that lived at least 180,000 years ago (or much earlier). Haplogroup a and the A0 lineages have different nucleotide patterns from each other. Both partly retain the MSY nucleotides of chimpanzee ancestors, and partly mutated into their respective SNPs. Our study showed that at least 90% of the chimpanzees' MSY nucleotides are the same as those of living male H. sapiens. This comparison indicates areas of change in H. sapiens, allowing us to use chimpanzee MSY as an approximation of the common ancestor of the haplogroup a genus Homo. It is clear that when comparing them with loci in the DNA of other primates, such as gorillas, orangutans and macaques, many human Y chromosome loci have been conserved from our common ancestor. When we studied slow-mutating 16-marker haplotypes, we found that chimpanzees and modern humans shared a common ancestor 5.5 ± 0.9 million years ago. This date is consistent with dates obtained in genome studies. This is important because it shows that the DNA genealogical approach can be extended millions of years into the deep. The results of our analysis of haplotypes, conserved nucleotides and SNPs suggest that there is no reason to believe that non-Africans (haplogroup BT and its lower haplogroups) descended from haplogroups A0, Ala or other African haplogroups. These data are adequately described by a model that shows that both African and non-African lineages separated from the α-haplogroup about 160,000 years ago and that the Y chromosomes of both groups evolved independently of that time. Of course, the Y chromosome is only a small part of the entire genome, and the term "evolve" here refers only to human MSY. However, it can serve as a very useful "probe" for tracing human evolution with all the caveats of the genome. We have no clues as to where the common ancestor of haplogroup a lived; it could just as well have come from Europe, Asia or the Middle East as from Africa. However, we believe that only the A0 lines represent the "truly African" autochthonous inhabitants (along with the corresponding female lines), and that the interbreeding of the immigrant lines of haplogroups A and B (as well as some lines of haplogroups E, R1b, etc.), again with the corresponding female lines, created the highly diverse current African population. Only further research will show whether this hypothesis is correct. We believe that all the assumptions of the African exit hypothesis do not stand up to simple analysis. This study shows that the hypothesis has not been adequately substantiated. The common claim that "anatomically modern humans left Africa about 70,000 years ago" has never been convincingly calculated or otherwise obtained. The hypothesis of an African exodus has never been proven; our research suggests that it is wrong for anatomically modern humans.