According to the author, today too much attention is paid to raising children. The author points out that genes have a greater impact on the health and intelligence of children than the process of upbringing itself. Rich father, rich son? The author cites Sacerdote's research on adopted and separated children from Korea. "Biological children from richer families had significantly higher incomes, but adopted children raised in the same families did not. The results are unequivocal this to the point of shock. The income of the family in which the children are raised has literally no impact on their financial success. (The impact exists when raised by biological parents.) Korean children adopted by the poorest families had the same average income in later life as children adopted by the wealthiest families. Other adoption studies have shown little impact on income, rather than no impact at all. Being raised by a non-biological father with earnings 10 percent higher will result in you earning a whole 1 percent more when you grow up." Success is determined by predisposition. If you had entrepreneurial biological parents, you are most likely to be entrepreneurial yourself. Intelligence? Research proves little or no long-term effect of upbringing on children's intelligence. For example, the "Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart" subjected one hundred separated monozygotic twins to intelligence tests and found a large effect of genes on intelligence among adults. If you performed better than 80 percent of the population on both tests, your identical twin separated at birth and raised in a different family could be expected to perform better than more than 72 percent of the population. When the researchers compared twins separated at birth with a control group of twins raised together from the very beginning, the effect of upbringing was barely detectable.